Auburn had a post office from 1913 to 1934. Lizzie Williams was postmaster. Auburn was named for a "red-headed preacher" named Auburn Williams. There was also a small store. Auburn was south and east of Roy about 8 miles and was situated on the old Northern Pony Express Trail of the 1860's. Gene and Sherry Horyna now live where Auburn once was. 

 The Stubbins district was created in 1914. The first Trustees were Fred Bingman, Fred Foutch and G. E. Gever. The first teacher was Opal Williams. Some of the teachers were Merritt Rankin, Virginia Davis, Grace Rowland, Mrs. W. G. Braiser, Wilma Marsh, Julia Sergeant, and P. A. Hickey. Helen Jordan was the last teacher in 1936-37. The district was abandoned in 1942 and attached to #74 Roy. ^{P. 101}

  Iowa Bench district was created in 1917. The first trustees were A.J. Burke and Frank Genther. The first teacher was Elizabeth Frances. Other teachers were Zoe Baker and Mrs. L.E. Barsmey. According to the school records the school only ran for about three years. There is no record of this district being abandoned or annexed.

  Christensen was located east of highway 191, in the Bear Creek area, on the east end of where the old Twin Sheds Ranch was. There was a post office named for the first postmaster, Nels Christensen which ran from 1915 to 1921.

The Christensen School, District #130 was created in 1914 and abandoned to District #235 in 1921. Ella Stenson taught at the school for a five month term from September 5, 1916 to March 2, 1917. She taught in Roy in 1918. 

Roy, June 12, 1928. Special to the Democrat News.

  Floyd Barney, from the Deerfield section who has rented the A. M. Stendal ranch about 10 miles southeast of Roy has moved his family to his new home and is now busily engaged in looking after the herd of cattle driven over, which he expects to run in that section. With the range horses being taken from the big open spaces more and more, stockmen will avail themselves of the opportunity to rent some good ranch or buy it, which will give them access to some of the finest land in the state of Montana.

  The original 160 acres of the Brasier Ranch (-F9) was homesteaded in 1910, 12 miles south of Roy, under the east-side shadow of Black Butte. Ruth and Walter Brasier made it their home until they retired in the late 1960's and moved to Lewistown.
  Their childhood years were spent in Butte, Montana attending the same schools and Church. They were married there February 14, 1910. They came to Kendall, Montana as Ruth's father, Thomas Heatherley, was involved with the Barnes-King Mine. Walter drove a freight line team for T. R. Matlock, and proved up on the homestead land and built their first one-room home. Ruth always said "when they sat at the table she could reach the cupboard and Walter the stove without getting up". The ranch grew in size with cattle, wheat and corn. Walter's story was 'the biggest harvest they ever had was August 1924--the crops were in and good and a daughter, Rachel Ann, was born'. They built the big 2 story ranch house and moved into it in 1927. Ruth loved art, writing and flowers which they worked into a beautiful yard with fountain and waterfall into a lilypond surrounded by a lilac hedge and yellow roses.
  In the lean years of the 30's and 40's they moved into Roy. Walter ran the Montana Elevator for 13 years. Ruth taught school at several rural schools in the area.
  Rachel married William G. Cowen in 1942. After World War II the family put the ranch in full operation again 'Gramp' and 'Nanny' enjoyed a close relationship with their three grandchildren: Keay, Diana and Bill in their early years through college graduations.
  Fondest memories are of long hours on horse back and the big picnic every fall when people came from all ^{P. 102}  around. Of course, Mother's angel food cakes were so beautifully decorated.
  Walter was active in the Montana Stockgrowers Association, Masonic Lodge and Eastern Star. His first love was his land.
 Ruth enjoyed Woman's Club in Roy and Fergus,Garden Club, Cowbells and Eastern Star. She wrote many stories and poems of early days and painted pictures of the beautiful sun sets over Black Butte. 

  Paal and Marie Christensen came to the United States from Denmark in 1880, long on courage and short on cash. They only had enough money for one passage, so Marie came on the passenger ship and Paal worked his way over on a cattle boat. He landed somewhere north of New York City, probably Canada or Maine, and had to make his way down to New York City to meet his wife, having little or no money and unable to speak English.
  They lived variously in Colorado and Kansas, eventually settled in Iowa and then came to Roy in 1912 with their seven sons, three of whom were married at that time. Their sons were Nels, born in 1880, shortly after they arrived in the U.S.; Christian (Chris), born in 1884; Fred, born in 1885; Charley, born in 1889; Anders (Andrew or Andy) born in 1895; John, born in 1900 and Carl, born in 1905.
  They spent their first winter at the Smith-Laraway Ranch, west of Roy. They and several of their sons filed homesteads 15 miles southeast of Roy by the rimrocks, east of the present highway. To prove up on a homestead, it was required that they build a house, fence their acreage and dig a well. Irrigation ditches were required in some places also. After the ditches were dug, homesteaders would pull a barrel of water down the irrigation ditch with a team of horses, leaving the hole in the barrel open, then someone would swear they had seen water in the ditch.
  Digging the wells turned out to be a bigger job than Paal and Nels thought it would be. They thought it would be a simple matter to just dig a shallow well and they would have all the water they needed. After digging down some distance, they hit rock, then they would lower the hired man into the bottom of the well, he would set the dynamite charges, and they would pull him up. After the blast they would clean out all the loose rock from the bottom of the hole and repeat the process. After setting one charge, it short circuited in some way and the charge went off when the hired man was only about halfway up the well. When they got him to the top, his hair was standing straight up on end, and rocks were imbedded in the platform he was on. That was the end of that well and they got a professional driller in. They went farther up the rimrocks and about 50 feet down hit a layer of granite. They were only able to get through a few inches a day, but finally they hit good water about a foot through the granite. Prior to the well drilling they had carried two buckets of water at a time on a framework across their shoulders from the Spencer's homestead over the rimrocks.
  Paal had been a carriage maker and wheelwright in Denmark and he and several of the boys were good ^{P. 103} carpenters. They built a big house on the homestead. The house was sold in about 1937 and moved into Roy, across from Joe Murphy's house.
  Paal and Marie retired in 1927 and bought a house in Roy which would be known now as the Paul Bischoff house. When the Roy bank went broke in 1929 Paal had about $3500 on deposit and received back only 10 cents on the dollar, $350.
 Paal died in Roy in 1935 at the age of 83 and Marie in 1937, at the age of 78.

  Andrew (Anders) J. Christensen, the fifth son of Paul and Marie Christensen, was born on May 27, 1896 in Casey, Iowa. He came to Roy with his parents in 1912.
  Pearl Irene Olsen was the daughter of Willie and Inga Olsen. She was born on October 11, 1905 in Litchville, North Dakota. She came to Roy with her parents in 1911.
  The couple was married on November 12, 1926. They lived and farmed a place which they leased in the Fergus area for several years. They had five children: Marie Jean (Mathern) born April 12, 1927; Evelyn (Haun) born May 8, 1928; Andrew Jr. born February 11, 1934; Paul W. born December 15, 1938, all born in Lewistown and Dolores Irene (Hainer) who was born in Miles City after they had left the Fergus area in 1940. Evelyn writes:
I don't really remember too much about our life at Fergus -- In the winter it was extremely cold and we slept in feather ticks to keep us warm.
  I remember the terrible ground dirt storm we had in approximately 1936. We were coming home from the Fergus store and it was all we could do to get the car home and get into the house where we laid on the floor to get any air at all -- we just knew it was the end!!
  I remember my dad's parents, Paul and Marie Christensen. They lived in Roy and Grandpa C. smoked a pipe that smelt so good. I remember him as a very stern person. Grandma C. was a very sweet lady and she had the most beautiful climbing yellow roses on her front porch. She lived with my parents until Dad had to take her to a warmer climate for her health. She lived to be 75 and Grandpa C. was 83.
  I remember the drug store in Roy. We always got to go there for ice cream cones. Ed Kalals had the grocery store. The town pump was in the middle of town. I remember the Corths: Shirley, Clayton and Betty and their parents. Tindals and Scanlons lived not too far from us at Fergus and we all went to grade school at Fergus. My cousins, Irene, Earl, Larry and Harley Christensen and parents, Chris and Em, lived a short distance from us.
  I do remember the Fergus dances and how my folks loved to dance; also the neat Christmas plays the teacher had us put on.
  Evelyn attended the Fergus grade school, grades 1 through 6.
  Andrew passed away in October of 1971 and Pearl on May 31, 1980. Both are buried in Miles City. Their children all survive.

  These four sons of Paal and Marie Christensen did not remain in the Roy community for very many years.
  Nels ran a post office on the Smith-Laraway ranch when they first came to Roy. He then took up a homestead adjoining his parents, southeast of Roy and built a community hall and post office there. He held many dances in the hall and homesteaders from miles around attended. Nels built the first store in Roy, the Hanson store, before trying his hand at homesteading. Frustrated with their well-digging experience on the homestead, he took his family to Long Beach, California where he worked as a carpenter and cabinet maker. He never returned to Montana.
  Fred and wife, Estella, farmed in the Moore area until sometime during WWI when he moved briefly to Roy. He worked for his brother, Chris, in his livery barn. Several years later they moved back to Iowa. He farmed in Iowa and Nebraska and never returned to Montana.
  One day in 1918 John was working in the field on his parents homestead. Sometime in the forenoon he pulled the team over to the side of the field, tied the horses to the fence, went to the house and gathered all his things and walked away. He made his way to Butte where he worked briefly, then he joined the Navy. He served from 1918 until after World War II and retired in San Diego where he died in 1966.
  Charley stayed in the Roy country until 1922, and then he disappeared. The only contact any of the family ever had with him from that day on was a day in 1943 when John met him on the street in Butte. He said he had been working in the Butte mines for the previous 20 years. So far as is known he never married and was never seen or heard from again. ^{P. 104}

  Although I grew up seventeen miles southeast of Roy and eighteen miles northeast of Grass Range, Roy was our hometown insofar as shopping and attending high school. It was to Roy that my parents delivered their cream, their grain, their cattle, and did their banking and other business. Roy was their postal address except in those years that country post offices substituted wherever my sister and I were attending rural school.
  My mother, Evaline Emily (known as Eva) Hassinger, her sister Minnie, and their father Jacob, came from eastern South Dakota in 1910 by train, shipping goods by freight car to Lewistown because the spur of the Milwaukee had not yet been run out to Roy. To get their brooding father away, after the death of his wife Agnes, the two women convinced him to finance their homesteading, though neither intended to stay permanently. They freighted their goods and lumber for homestead shacks, by wagon, over Gilt Edge Pass, often spending a night at the Stoddard Ranch in the eastern foothills of the Judith Mountains, en route to their claims twelve miles straight east of Black Butte.
  As soon as a post office was opened at Roy, they used Roy as their address.
  Once mother and grandfather came over Roy Hill, and saw a great circle of wagons and saddle horses on the flat just before where the high school later stood. Grandfather insisted she drive over and see what was going on. They got there just before a cowboy in the middle of the ring mounted a horse and stayed with it through sunfishing, rolling, and hard bucking, riding it to a standstill. There's more to this story, but the horse thereafter was Mick Green's saddle horse, though still a bucking bronc to others who tried to ride it.
  My father was Wilson Everett Devine, known as Everett or W.E. Devine, who came to Montana in 1912 with two married brothers, Herb and Will. His intention was to help them and their families get established on their claims and then return to Fairmont Academy in Central Indiana. They shipped by railroad directly to Roy, the spur having been completed by then.
  Seeing the flatlands south of Bear Creek and thinking it good farmland, the brothers homesteaded adjacent to my mother's claim and insisted that father also take out a claim to increase their holding when he had remained long enough to settle his. Aunt Minnie had homesteaded next to mother's half section, but on the north side of a rimrock and sand ridge. The only remaining open area was the south side of that ridge. Father was lucky in that good water was found forty feet down in sandstone, enough to water thirty head of stock at one pumping.
  He did not return east, nor did my mother. They were married in Roy on December 16, 1914, and remained  until June 1933, the last original homesteaders to leave that area between Bear Creek to the north and the Little Box Elder to the south of us, between Stubbins Hall and Brasiers to the west and the Fergus County Sheep Company ranch, nine miles to the east. This was known, to the old ranchers, as part of the Big Dry where cattle were driven out to graze in summer and in the fall rounded up to the ranches in the foothills of the Judith's where there was always rain enough for making hay.
  The area was in a very dry cycle their entire stay and covered with sagebrush. They were skeptical of ranchers' stories about there being little sage and with grass as high as saddle stirrups in the years before the homesteading rush. Other homesteaders returned from time to time, most notably Jack and Marie Woodard, who left the homestead adjacent to ours, on the east, when their house burned down in the mid-1920's, and came back to run the old Red Barn Ranch east of Black Butte.
  Perry and Jenny Cox left their homestead, about five miles east of us, on Bear Creek before that and came back in 1925 for a brief stay. The school year of 1925-26 Father and Perry fixed up a homestead shack near Blakeslee School on the Minnesota Bench, six miles southeast of us and our mother's took turns staying with my sister, Ruth, myself, and Harley and Merle Cox. They later lived northwest of us running the Auburn Post Office.
  The Wilke family, who had moved to Nebraska before I can remember, came back for part of 1929 to again try out their homestead at Sand Rock Springs, five miles east of us on Little Box Elder.
  The Claude Satterfields moved to the Paul Christensen homestead one claim west of ours after a stint in the Bear Creek School district northwest of us.
  There was a great deal of returning for a few years to a different homestead where buildings were still standing and the promise of farming better than on the original claim. Throughout this whole period, people who had homesteaded on the plateau known as the Minnesota Bench, that rose just south of the Little Box Elder, had mostly remained and farmed on more fertile land with better rainfall. They were, however, wholly oriented towards Grass Range.
  One homesteader, Russell Rowland, did not leave his land, two and a half miles southeast of us on the bank of the Little Box Elder, until about 1920. The Rowland No. 1 wildcat oil well had brought in a tremendous flow of artesian water right into the creek, that kept water holes here and there, even during the serious drouth from 1929 until after we left. We would, in fact, have had to leave earlier had it not been for one of these open ^{P. 105}  range creek waterholes two and a half miles east. Russell and his grandmother (Elliman) moved to Roy where she died in about 1932, and where he remained for years.
  Between Christensen's and ours, Ed Hansen, who later ran a pool hall in Roy and then moved to the oilfields, and his first wife, Katie, lived for some years. He and his second wife returned for a short period in the late 1920'9s. Katie moved to Lewistown in the early 1920's.
  One mile south of us, the buildings tucked away behind another ridge so we could not see them, were two homesteads -- The Churchwell and that of Charlie Moore, whose wife had died before my memory. They had both gone, but the buildings were intact, still there when we left Montana, though the Moore place was never again lived in. Charlie came back in 1922 or 1923 and lived in the Churchwell buildings. My uncle Herb had left his alkali flat to live there for some years before moving to Plum Creek near Lewistown to run the Cooke-Reynolds Ranch, which many years later he acquired.
  Another two homesteaders remained just east of the Churchwell place, a brother and sister named Hustad. In the last half of the 1920's they left, together with Moore, for western Montana, and a newcomer, Jess Warren, moved onto the Churchwell property where he still lived when we left. Later he moved to a ranch in the rimrocks, five miles northwest of us, where a family named Flaherty lived for a few years and ran the Auburn Post Office.
  Minnie Hassinger left for Lewistown and then Oregon in the 1920's. Others simply left. My uncle Will, and family went back to Indiana before I was born in 1917. Cal Bratt, who lived towards Sand Rock Springs, and wife went to Lewistown where he was a butcher. Someone by the name of Alexander Theodosis Fulanwider (a name I shall never forget, as it intrigued my child brain) had gone before my time. The Gootch girls, as their empty homestead shack three miles northwest of us was known, went back to Boston. A brother of the Hustads, had homesteaded just south of them, across Little Box Elder, but all that he meant to me was an open cistern among rubble. (Cisterns were the source of much of the drinking water, as wells were scarce.) Sometimes people hauled water from Sand Rock Springs across a one-span iron bridge thrown across high cutbanks, built in the very early days, and across a gumbo flat on the north side of Little Box Elder. The Paul Christensen's had a working well. Later, some people got their drinking water from us, as did the oil drillers, and their wash water from the Rowland well. To the northwest of us, Marcus Stendal had a lived-on homestead, and his brother Rudy's house still stood. The Lenling family, newcomers, lived there when we left. Mero Stendal conducted business in Roy, trucking and other. It was he who acquired the WED brand and most of our horses when we left. One homesteader, Jakie Miller, was still on his land, seven or eight miles west of us, in the late 1920's, but I think he had died or left before we did. There were few newcomers. Notably Jack and Kate Gallagher moved into a substantial homestead shack near the Christensen School, together with Jess Warren, a year or so before he removed to the Churchwell place. During Ruth's first year of school, Mother and she and I lived in one room of the Christensen school, for the worst six weeks of a bad winter. Ruth and the three sons of Chris Christensen were the only pupils. Besides the saga of getting an elementary education for the "Devine girls" was closely allied with the history of this area, I will mention that Ruth, born September 21, 1915, and I, born July 31, 1917, were the only children in the district after the Chris Christensen family left in the mid 1920's.
  Mr. Pierce believed strongly in the three 'R's -- reading, reading and reading and despite conflicts with the county superintendent of schools in Lewistown over following the new course of study, persisted in teaching us to read in our first year in school. Given the libraries our parents had each brought west to help kill time in proving up their claims, magazines, the Lewistown Democrat News and books borrowed from the few homestead-ranches here and there, we made good use of his emphasis on learning to read. When he gave up teaching he had taught and preached, sometimes as a circuit rider, for 53 years from Missouri to Montana. He was a grand old man.
  His granddaughters, Elgiva and Leona, were in the Black Butte Boosters 4-H Club that was first led by Mrs. Walter Brasier, in their home near Stubbins Hall, in 1928. Mary Alice Satterfield; Ruth, Jean and Lois Grinde, whose parents had come to live seven miles northwest of us; Evelyn Strait of Blakeslee-l7 miles from Stubbins Hall; Lorraine Lenling; and Ruth and I were among the members to fill the 5-person minimum quota, in the years until 1932 when we ended our last year, with my mother as leader. It served both as a learning (sewing) and social function and brought the widely scattered families together, as indeed did potluck Sunday dinners and other community gatherings at Stubbins Hall during those last few dry years.
  In order to avoid higher taxes in the Christensen School, as Montana Law required school to be held each five years or have the district annexed to the nearest live district, and with the Roy School district now bordering ours, the few childless people in our district, agreed to pay board and room for Ruth and me. In 1924-25 we boarded with the Alli Thomases on the Minnesota Bench, and the next year attended the same school, Blakeslee, as mentioned with the Cox/Devine arrangement. The following year, our school district imported the teacher, Lillian Hurd, who had taught us the two years at Blakeslee. To lure her from North Dakota, they had to pay her $85 per month instead of the going rural rate of $65. First she lived in the homestead shack half a mile west of our ranch buildings, ^{P. 106}  which had been prepared as a schoolroom, but soon she was boarding with us because of the loneliness. In 1927-28, a first grader from the Fleharty family living in the aforementioned ranch five miles northwest of us and at that time in charge of the Auburn Post Office, which flitted about almost as fast as the people who lived in these parts; a seventh-grader who was unhappy with Stubbins School; myself also in the seventh grade; and my sister in the eighth grade, were schooled in the Christensen School, opened once more. This was a very substantial white building on a high foundation; it had been built in the halcyon homestead days not as a schoolhouse but actually for a dance hall. In those early years of the teens when every half section or section had a homestead bachelor or family on it, the area was lively.
  During the winter of 1916-17, my parents lost 100% of their cattle, starved to death with their heads in hayracks of dry reeds and inedible weeds that the government had shipped to Grass Range and Roy while urging people not to sell their cattle, because of the war. My father had been drafted, but Dr. Faulds of Roy who had attended my mother in a delivery nearly fatal to both her and me, realized she could not possibly manage being nearly blind and recovering from toxemia, and so kept him from leaving for France. Herb Devine, who still lived nearby, and father spent the winter driving to Roy on one day, returning the next for overnight, then to Grass Range overnight, then home, begging for hay that cost up to $35 a ton against a price of $5 or $6 for the preceding fall. My parents swore they would never live through the horror of that winter--listening to the cattle bawling. They would shoot them first.
  To return to education, Ruth and I each finished elementary school in six years. Because Ruth was starting high school the fall of 1929, we did light housekeeping in the old hotel on main street that the Halberts managed, as rentals. I was in a class of eleven eighth graders under the superb teaching of a Mrs. Jenson who came from a ranch on the river. Our family was always grateful to Roy for permitting us to further our education there.
  In my second year of school, a group of Winnett businessmen and other residents of eastern Fergus County, petitioned to have a new county, Petroleum, split off from Fergus, because they were sure the new oil-field, (Cat Creek), would finance all administrative and school costs, and no one in the new county would have to pay taxes.
  There had been wildcatting on the Little Box Elder from before my time--the Golden West and the Boston Montana, nearer the Judith's, and after my time, the Rowland No. 1 as mentioned, the Rowland No. 2 and two or three more a mile or two south of us, during the 1920's.
  In the proposed area for Petroleum there were two communities, Valentine and Dovetail, served by stagecoach; the town of Winnett with about 400 people, served by a spur of the Milwaukee that passed from Grass Range through a whistling post named Teigen after the man who ran an elevator and store. Because of lack of roads and the often impassability of Little Box Elder near us, to reach Winnett we would have had to go west to the Roy-Grass Range road and then south to Grass Range and east to Winnett. My parents fought the division because the proposed maps came well out of the way of occupied sections to include just the Churchwell and Devine land, and to split us off from our school district. By that time we had about 1400 acres under fence with access to open range on three sides. We were paying $300 in taxes the year the measure passed, and the next year as residents of Petroleum, $600.
  There were two sisters and a brother in Lewistown who handled the offices of the County Superintendent of Schools for many years. I should never forget them. The brother often drove them to remote areas of the county, such as ours. Because of my parents' determination to get us educated without sending us to remote boarding schools, and because to these education dedicated people, it was agreed there be a joint school district, which they managed to get approved by the County Commissioners. Because of the tax situation, there being no other children in the district, the few other voters agreed.
  However, when we reached high school age, there was a state apportionment complication and the officials in Winnett, save for Mrs. Grey county superintendent, were reluctant to turn over the money for us. Each fall, my parents went to Winnett and pleaded. The last year or two, when Winnett refused to yield, the Roy school board permitted us to attend without the state money.
  With a drouth from 1929; with 51% of our cattle dying of starvation in 1931-32 because they had nothing but stacked green thistles and straw from old straw-beds and there being no money for bullets for the deer rifle, and the hope always present that this time maybe they could survive; with the second and last bank in Roy having closed the spring of 1931 and a nationwide depression; and with my father at death's door from a fractured skull received in an accident in the Judith Basin where he had gone in late June to earn a grubstake at $1 a day to see us through the winter with all that, Roy had agreed to accept me gratis and to let Ruth stay in school for a fifth year to keep me company in our batching arrangement. By this time, the Halberts had left the hotel building but rented us a room in their house nearer the high school until we were through.
  Ruth was Valedictorian of the Class of 1932, with a scholarship as a result. I was Valedictorian of the Class of 1933 and in addition to my scholarship for that, one from the 4-H Club also. It was not until the summer of 1933 that we finally gave up all hopes of utilizing them. My father did not soon recover, and the doctor said an ^{P. 107} operation would have one chance in ten of succeeding. He advised us to go to a lower altitude, so soon after my graduation in June 1933 we sold out and moved to Day County, South Dakota. There had been no drouth there, and there was spring water feeding a good well and a big grove and orchard planted by my late grandparents. Five days after we arrived, the drouth and dust storms began and there was no crop until 1939.
  Meanwhile the drouth had continued where we lived in Montana. An original homesteader, Frank Spoon and wife, moved to ours. The barn blew down, the house burned down. I have not been back except to pass along the Grass Range - Malta highway in 1965 with no time except to wonder where all the sagebrush had gone. Sister Ruth and her husband, Charlie Wahl, managed in the 1970's to borrow a jeep and wire-pullers and get onto the old ranch site where there were no buildings and where the grass came to the door handles of the jeep. There was no sagebrush to speak of. The land was obviously being farmed and they thought possibly by the operation at the top of the plateau, just above the old Rowland No. 1 artesian well. A big reservoir fed by it, covered the area south of us along the Little Box Elder where the other wildcat wells had gone down.
  After Montana, Ruth and I lived in South Dakota, then went to Winona State Teachers College in southern Minnesota and where Ruth received her teaching degree. She taught elementary school for several years in Day County, South Dakota then married Charlie Wahl in 1942, and after the war moved with him to Maine, Georgia, Michigan, and Texas; the last three places in a position with the Ford Tractor Division. I transferred to the University of Minnesota in the fall of 1938, taking a major in journalism, and was graduated magna cum laude in 1940. I worked for six years in weekly journalism, one of those in 1942 as associate editor with my husband, Ralph K. Davidson as editor of a small newspaper in Leola, South Dakota. My parents moved to Salem, Oregon. After the war we moved to Missoula, Montana for Ralph to start college. He was a journeyman printer. In 1948, with a Rhodes Scholarship from Missoula we left for three years in England, then three years in Baltimore, Maryland where he got his Ph.D., then eight years with him teaching economics at Purdue University in Indiana; two years in Uganda where he taught at Makerere University and worked for the Rockefeller Foundation, and finally since then in New York City where he continued to work in international higher education and other areas for the Foundation until his retirement in 1984. Aside from family responsibilities, I have managed a bit of published prose and "other" poetry, but have made a mark in the world of haiku poetry.
  Ruth raised a family of 3 children. I raised two daughters. Our mother died in 1947 and father in 1975; both in Oregon. My brother-in-law, Charlie Wahl, died in 1984 and my sister, Ruth, in 1985.

  The Geyer family homesteaded east of Black Butte in 1909 or 1910, coming to the area from South Dakota.
  The railroad had not yet reached Roy. A trip was made to Ft. Maginnis to get the mail. Shopping was done in Gilt Edge or in Lewistown, which was a long trip over the mountains by horses.
  For recreation there were school programs, dances in the Stubbins Hall, Literary Society meetings, card games in various homes, picnics, baseball and visiting and dinners in the homes. Church was rarely held, but during the summer months ministers came from Lewistown and held Sunday School. Rev. Cottom was the one who came most often.
  Neighbors were: Bingaman, Stebbins, Burkettes, Fouch, Know, Pierce, Tully, Ole and George Johnson, Townsend, Minnie and Louise Trumer and their brother, Matt. These were relatives of Ida Geyer.
  The children attended the Stubbins school. Attendance was large. A few of the teachers were Gracia Rowland, Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Joslyn, Ruth Brasier and Wilma Marsh.
  Water was supplied by two wells. The stock-water was pumped by a windmill. The surplus water formed a dam and a running creek. The dam was used by the kids for swimming and the creek for wading.
  The farm machinery remembered the best were: the plow, mower and the binder, all horse drawn. Threshing machines came in the fall to do the harvesting. Shocking grain was done manually with the entire family participating.
  Transportation about the neighborhood was by a two wheel cart, drawn by one horse. It was most often driven by Mother.
  Cooking was done on a wood burning stove. The wood was gathered on Black Butte. The house was heated by coal, which was lignite, mined in the vicinity. Large gardens were grown and during dry weather water was carried by buckets to keep plants growing. Much canning of vegetables and meat was done using the hot water bath and a wash boiler.
  Women of the community were most resourceful in meeting the health needs. I remember only two deaths while living on the homestead. One was the little Tully girl. That was my first experience at a funeral. It was held in a church in Roy and burial was in the Roy Cemetery. Another death was that of a young man by the name of William Rowland. on both occasions my father drove a make-believe hearse drawn by two beautiful black horses.
  The above is a summary of my seventeen years lived in the Roy vicinity. ^{P. 108}

  George and Ida Geyer homesteaded 3 miles east of Black Butte. They had five children: Emery born in October of 1905 in So. Shore, South Dakota was 4 years old when they homesteaded; Ethel (Mrs. Orville Reynolds) was born in August of 1907 in So. Shore; Florence (Mrs. John Evans) born May 14, 1910, died September 1975; Ione (Mrs. William Kirkendall) born January 28, 1916 in Roy and Beulah (Mrs. Paul Curey) born January 19, 1920 in Lewistown, died in childbirth, July 1945.
  Emery attended one year of high school in Roy. When the high school closed he then attended in Lewistown, graduating in 1922.
  Geyer's left in 1925, moving to Lewistown, then in 1948 they moved to Grass Range to farm again.
  George passed away on October 20, 1948. He was born on May 24, 1876 in Lafayette, Indiana. He was married to Ida Gronau on February 14, 1901. Ida was born March 15, 1881 in Hamburg, Germany. She died January 20, 1970. George, Ida and Florence are all buried in Lewistown.

ROY-- July 2, 1924

 Those who have no faith in diversified farming would have a very nervous shock that might prove fatal were they to go out to George Geyer's ranch six miles south of here and have him show a check he received for three ten-months-old shoats, that were raised and fattened on Buffalo Grass and wheat. Mr. Geyer hauled the three shoats to Roy Tuesday morning and carried a check home worth $99.70. To be exact these shoats were ten months and seven days old, were fed wheat as a grain food and allowed to run in a fair-sized lot along the creek bottom for what green food they could get. Mr. Geyer had no way of weighing or measuring the amount of wheat he fed, but can state as an absolute fact that he realized a greater amount of money for his wheat, labor and amount of money invested than he could otherwise under present conditions and prices, and he only wishes he had more wheat and pigs than he has.

  Benjamen Washington Pierce was born August 28, 1856 at Ringgold, Morgen County, Ohio. He married Mary Elizabeth Springer on February 16, 1879 in Perry County, Ohio. The couple had seven children, one of which (Heber) came to the Roy country in 1916.
  Benjamen was a graduate of National Normal University in Lebanan, Ohio. In 1885 he became president of Green City College in Green City, Missouri and held that position until it closed in 1890. In addition to being head of the college he taught Latin, English and higher Mathematics. In 1897 he wrote a book entitled, "The Civil Government of the United States", which was used in the college.
  After the Green City College closed, Benjamin went back to school and became a minister in the Methodist Episcopalian faith. A second book was written and published in 1902 on the life of Christ. Because of religious differences with his wife, he came to Montana in the late 1800's. The public records show that he performed the marriage ceremony for Charles M. Russell and N. Cooper at Cascade, Montana on September 5, 1896.
  He and Charlie were very good friends. In fact, had the family only known, they could have become very rich if they had realized what the many sketches that Charlie had given Benjamin would be worth in the future. But they were discarded when old papers were thrown away in later years.
  The records of Fergus County indicate that he filed on 240 acres in 1912. The homestead was located about 5 miles east of Black Butte approximately 10 miles southeast of Roy. A patent was issued in 1917.
  In 1916, his son, Heber O. Pierce and family joined him on the homestead. In later years, until his death on October 10, 1935 he pursued his duties as a minister and teacher. For several years (around 1930) he was the Legislative Chaplain in Helena.
  One story Max Pierce recalls his grandfather telling about was the time he was visiting an area family and was asked to share a meal with them. Times were very ^{P. 109} tough and many people were very hungry, especially young growing people. Pierce was asked to say grace. Upon conclusion of the prayer he discovered that the plate which had been heaped with fried chicken when he bowed his head was now empty. The next time he was asked to dine at this particular place he stabbed a piece of chicken with his fork and held it while he said the blessing. Upon completion this time, he found that his fork held the only piece of chicken left on the plate! 
  Benjamin was a spendthrift, one of the reasons the Pierce Green City College went broke. He died penniless in the county hospital in Lewistown. His funeral was held at the ranch home; burial took place in the Roy Cemetery.

  The Heber and Gertrude Pierce family came to the area from Crooksville, Ohio. They lived on his father's homestead near Black Butte. Heber later bought the Stebbins place. The Tully family was living there when he purchased it.
  There were four children in the family when they came; all were born in Crooksville. They were: Phyllis (Carter), November 7, 1908; Ronald Earl, February 13, 1910; Douglas Adrian, December 31, 1912 and Elgeva (Gonzales) January 31, 1915. There were three more children born at Roy: Leona (Marsh) August 20, 1917; Jack Robert, August 23, 1919 and Max Benjamen, November 25, 1921. The children attended Stubbins school. At that time there was a horse barn at the school for the children to stable the horses they rode to school.
  Gertrude died from cancer in September of 1928 and was buried in the Roy Cemetery. Heber was remarried, about 1934, to Grace Strait, a widow. The Strait's lived east of the Pierce's about 20 miles. Grace had two sons, Hugh and Ralph (who married Lola Baker) and two daughters, Evelyn and Mable (Bowman).
  Max tells of a peculiarity that his father had. It seems that Heber always wore his cap. He never took it off. Max remembers seeing him wearing it in bed. His stepmother confided that Heber even wore his cap to bed on the night of their wedding!
  Elgeva married in 1935. She and her first husband (Olin Baker) had three children. Wayne Edwin Baker who died shortly after birth in Lewistown in February of 1936; another boy, Donald, also died shortly after birth in November of 1937 after they had moved to St. Ignatius. A son, Gene Robert Baker, was born in May of 1941 and survives. Elgeva also had another son, Timothy Mark Gonzales, who died at birth in June of 1959.
  Leona married Russell Marsh, son of Orville and Ethel Luick Marsh, on December 30, 1936. He was 25, she was 19 when they married. Russell was a nephew of Cliff Marsh. He passed away (circa) 1975. Russell was born at Fairmont, North Dakota.
  Douglas Pierce was one of the pitchers for the Roy baseball team. In those days there was usually one ball -- and one ball only -- to play a game with. If the ball was hit or rolled far out into brush or tall grass, time-out would have to be called to hunt for it.
  Max recalled one game when a player and the umpire had a difference of opinion. The ump threw the offending player out of the game, then had to let him in again. He owned the ball they were using that day and it was either let him play or call the game off!
  The father, Heber, passed away in October of 1964, at the age of 79, and is buried in Worland, Wyoming. He was born July 5, 1884 in Perry County, Saltlick Township, Ohio. He was living with his son, Doug, in Wyoming at the time of his death.
  Two grandchildren of Rev. Pierce (Heber and Gertrude's children) visit in Roy occasionally and tend their grandfather and mother's graves. Max lives in Anchorage, Alaska and Leona lives in Kalispell.
  Max Pierce graduated from the 8th grade at Stubbins school, with the 10th highest grade average in Fergus County. Some of his teachers were: Bridget Hickey, Betty Phipps who married Jack Gallagher, a teacher by the name of Heatherly and Ruth Brasier.
  He worked for Walter Brasier after graduation. He left here in 1938 when the Pierce place was sold to the government. He served in the 37th Infantry, Ohio National Guard in the South Pacific during WWII. He is a retired federal employee and now works as a tax consultant.

  When we lived in the Black Butte area, we children attended the Black Butte (Stubbins) school. There was one teacher for all grades; the building was heated with a wood and coal stove. Sometimes the teacher lived in a small room in the building; later at a teacherage near by. Later this building was moved into Roy and used as ^{P. 110} a sheep shed for Cliff Emery. This building was also used for community gatherings, dances, etc.
  All the other homes in the area were heated by a wood and coal stove. There were no inside facilities, or electricity, so water was carried from a well and heated on a stove for washing, baths, etc. We used coal oil lamps and had an outhouse. I only remember one home in the area that had an inside bathroom, which was the home of Walter and Ruth Brasier.
  My father, Heber Pierce, hauled mail from Roy to Auburn with a team of horses and a buggy for many years; twice a week. Then later he got a Model T Ford. Sometimes the roads were almost impassable, where there were drifts of snow and later mud. So when anyone drove to town they had to make their own road around snow drifts or muddy ruts. It was only 10 miles, but with no graveled roads it was impassable.
  No one went to a doctor unless they were about to die. It was a long way to Lewistown with a team of horses and a buggy.
  My mother died in 1928 when I was 13 years old. I had to take over the household duties, being the oldest girl at home. I didn't get to go to high school. To have done that I would have had to stay in Roy. There was no way of going back and forth each day. There were three younger than I and I couldn't leave them, the youngest was only 6 years old at that time.
  I married in April of 1935 and lived near there until 1937 when we moved to St. Ignatius, Montana.
  All of us are still living except one sister, Phyllis, and one brother, Douglas. I have four children, 11 grandchildren and one great grandchild.

  Claude J. Satterfield was born on September 8, 1891 in Missouri. Mary Ellen Myers was born on March 19, 1891 in Red Rock, Oklahoma. They were married on March 23, 1911.
  In 1914 they and her parents came to Montana. The Myers homesteaded 3 1/2 miles southeast of Black Butte, on the south side of Bear Creek. Claude's homestead was 17 miles southeast of Roy and two of his neighbors were Frank Spoon and Ed Thornquist. They later moved to about 2 miles southeast of the Olsen homestead.
  The eldest child of Claude and Mary was a son, John Jacob, born on March 14, 1914 in Pleasant Hill, Missouri. Their daughter, Mary Alice, was born on September 4, 1916 on the homestead as was their youngest son, Jesse Marion, born April 24, 1920.
  John, Mary Alice and Jesse went to school at the Iowa Bench school and then the Bear Creek school. One of their teachers was Mrs. Frank (Ada) Corth.
  The Satterfield's moved to the Castle Butte area in 1927 and then back to the Roy area in 1929. They lived 2 1/2 miles southeast of the Brasier place for two years. The children rode horseback to the Stubbins Hall school, which was 3 miles west of their home.
  They moved to the Christensen place for a short time in 1938, then to Willie Olsen's homestead where they remained until they retired in 1958. During the time they lived southeast of Roy they bought most of their groceries in Roy. In the fall they would take a load of. grain to Grass Range and trade it for flour and cereal. 
  Mary Alice, Jesse and their mother moved into Roy for the school year when Mary Alice started high school, then in the following years Mary Alice and Jesse lived alone in Roy during the school year.
  Claude and Mary moved into Roy when they retired in 1958 and first lived in Chet and Ed Trusty's house, then they bought Lynn Phillips house, where they lived until the time of their deaths. Claude passed away January 14, 1972 and Mary on November 25, 1976. They are buried in Sunset Memorial Gardens in Lewistown as is their son, John, who died in 1974.
  Mary Alice married Anthony Muschbacker. (see Muschbacker) ^{P. 111}

  Mr. and Mrs. John Stubbins of the Auburn vicinity are mentioned in several stories, but there is little information about them. The Stubbins Hall or School south of Roy, was probably on their land. In September of 1914, a news article told of a number of watermelons Stubbins had raised and brought into Roy. The picture was taken of them in 1942 in Marysville, Washington. 

  Russell A. Tully and Ella N. Cooley were married February 22, 1911 at Moberly, Missouri. They farmed for two years in Sullivan County, Missouri, on the Tully farm.
  When Ella lived in Winnegan, Missouri her close friend was a girl named Hattie Chris. Hattie married a man by the name of Harris who was also from Winnegan. Mr. Harris's health wasn't good, they thought a change of climate might help so they moved to Gilt Edge, Montana. There they homesteaded and Mr. Harris drove a stage from Gilt Edge to Lewistown. Mr. Harris's health didn't improve as they had hoped it would in the Montana climate and he passed away and is believed to be buried either in Gilt Edge or Lewistown.
  Hattie, then went back to Winnegan and got her nephew to go west with her and work on their ranch. His name was George Long and he was to live in Montana for quite some years. Hattie and her husband had had no children and she was quite naturally very lonesome after the passing of her husband. She knew Russell and Ella owned no land in Missouri and thought it would be a good idea for them to go to Montana with her and her nephew and put down a homestead claim. After much talking and planning they decided to go. They were still farming the Tully place but wanted to strike out on their own.
  Even though it was winter the four of them started out for Montana by train. They got as far as Lewistown; there they stayed for two weeks because of a snow storm. When the snow cleared, they traveled by train to Hilger, which is around 15 miles. That was as far as the railroad went. There they hired a team and sled to go the rest of the distance, which was approximately 36 miles. They stayed all night at a large sheep ranch. Their meal consisted of boiled potatoes, boiled meat, dried apricots and plenty of coffee. Russell said it was the best meal they ever ate.
  They left early the following morning and near midnight, very near exhaustion, they arrived at Hattie's cabin. They were so tired they never bothered to eat supper. They built a fire and slept on the floor that first night. Hattie's cabin was one room, 10 x 12 feet.
  The Tully's homestead lay east of Roy and north of Black Butte. It was the S 1/2 Of NWS 1/4, N1/4 Of SW 1/4 Of sec. 17, N 1/2 of the SE 1/4 of the NE 1/4 of sec. 18 T. 17, R. 23.
  They started their homesteading by putting up a 12 x 14 tent, floored up with lumber three feet high. Once, the tent caught fire while Dad was gone, by the stove pipe ^{P. 112} opening. Mother managed to get it put out. A lightning storm came up one night; one of the worst storms. they had there. Fire could be seen running along the ground. Mother was so scared she climbed upon the feather bed and cried and cried. (Lightening was not suppose to strike a feather bed.) Wind and hard rain took the tent partially down, so they went and stayed with neighbors, George and Ida Geyer, who lived three or four miles from them, for the rest of the night. The next day, Dad built a cyclone cellar in the ground and then went to Lewistown and bought lumber to build a barn.
  Mother wanted a log house. It would take time as they had to go to Black Butte which was west of their homestead. So the barn came first. It was 14 x 16 feet, three walls, a roof and a bare floor. "You never did see two happier kids in the world than when we moved into those three walls, a roof and bare floor," said Dad.
  George Geyer helped Russell cut timber for their log house. They had to go quite aways. They would cut the posts while there, sleep under the wagon and cook their meals on the wagon wheel. "Many a meal was cooked and ate on the wagon wheel while in Montana." On November 25, 1913 they moved into their log house. On the first Christmas Eve the nearby neighbors were over and a snow storm came up and they all had to spend the night. Dad and George Geyer slept next to the ceiling where Dad had put a shelf to store things on. Dad said he knew the walls would hold up under the wind, but kept expecting to see the ceiling come down upon them any minute.
  Later Dad bought a two room house, moved it to their land with the help of a neighbor who had a Ford tractor, and with Dad's team of horses. Then in the fall they moved it to the house, left about four feet between the two houses and enclosed it. It was made into a hall and was the coolest part of all the house, Dad said.
  They had to dig about three feet for the well. One time while carrying the wash water a snow storm started and was one of the worse they had seen in Montana. After it was over, Dad had to shovel five feet down to the well and use a post digger the rest of the way to reach water.
  Ella and Hattie Harris used to hang up a tea towel on the clothes line if they wanted the other to come over. They used a sheet if it was an emergency. Hattie's ranch was across the road and up a small hill from the Tully's.
  For a period of around two years they returned to Missouri and helped on the Tully farm again. Their first child was born in Bucklin, Missouri. Basil Tully arrived on February 28, 1916. Their second child, Arline Elizabeth was born on March 5, 1918 in New Salem, Missouri.
  In 1918 they returned to Montana. Dad came on what was called an 'emigrant' car with the railroad.
  Dad got the measles in Sioux City, Iowa and was as sick as he had ever been in his life. He never fed his stock for 48 hours. They got into Harlowton, Montana on a Sunday when all the stores were closed and Dad wanted some lemons. A Chinese restaurant was open and as Dad started into it a Chinese came out and saw the marks left on him and started hollering "Smallpox!" Dad went back to the depot and they had to send the Health Officer out who gave him a clean bill of health, "except for recovering from the measles," Dad said. When he got to Lewistown the delivery man unloaded his stock and Dad stayed in the Fire Station a week before continuing on to the ranch.
  Dad went to a sale at Fort Maginnis; that was the last time he drove a wagon and team any distance. He made up his mind then to buy a Model T Ford; his first car. "Will it run up hill as fast as a horse will trot?" asked Basil.
  One time they planted 80 hills of cucumbers. They put 2 1/2 barrels in brine and Ella canned the rest. Peddled out to the stores, the biggest amount to a Chinese restaurant in Grass Range. "Best cucumbers and dill pickles you ever did eat," Russell said. He would haul two or three barrels of water, to keep them growing, on the sled.
  Russell was breaking in a horse one time and he had five horses hooked up and this bronc was prancing around and just at this time Russell saw a rattlesnake run in front of the team. He jumped and caught it as it was going into it's hole in the ground. Threw it on the ground and trampled it to death. After killing it he realized how foolish that had been. "Should have seen me shake." There was a straw pile close by that the rattlesnakes always kept getting into and a horse that wasn't broke was really hard to handle when a snake did get close to one.
  Russell and George Long used to play at houses/or barn dances in the neighborhood. Russell played the banjo and George the mouth harp.
  On March 2, 1923 Arline died tragically at the homestead. Her death was due to a doctor giving her strychnine in place of other medication for a bad cold. Evidently the Dr., enroute back to town, reached into his bag for something and realized the mistake, and was headed back to Tully's when he met Russell who was trying to catch up with him. But it was too late to save the little girl. She was buried in Roy. George Geyer and other neighbors helped to fashion the casket for her.
  Earline Ruth Tully was born in the log house on the homestead in August of 1926.
  She remembers her dad telling her about some men who were trying to get the people in the area to go into drilling for oil -- "of course they would have to put up the money to start it. They never did."
  A story she recalls happened at a time when her dad was away. There was a big cave east of the house where the wolves had a den. "Mom had seen a wolf running toward it, she took out a gun and as the wolf had been coming from the ranch yard it had a chicken. Mom was an expert shot; she aimed and when she shot, the wolf went over into a dip by the cave and old Frank, the ^{P. 113} horse, stuck his head up, just at that time, right in her sights and then back down again. Mom thought for sure she had killed "old Frank". She carried me up there as I couldn't run fast enough to keep up with her. Well, she let me walk back under my own power. Never did see the wolf and dear old Frank was just fine. I asked my Dad, one of the last times that I saw him, what kind of a gun she had and he said it was a war rifle, big, and a large shell was needed, either a 35/45 or 45/55. I know she used to shoot rattlesnakes from the kitchen door.
  Basil was fourteen when the family moved into Lewistown so he could go to high school. This was in 1930. Dad stayed on the ranch awhile and later had to give it up due to the depression. He got a job at a ranch close to Lewistown for $2.00 per day, 10 hours a day. Later he received $2.50 per day. "Hardest work I ever did", said Dad.
  When Russell lost the homestead, Mrs. Tully bought it back for taxes, which didn't make Russell too happy.
  The Tully's left Lewistown in 1944. Ella passed away in August of 1944 of cancer and she is buried in Renton, Washington. She was 54 years old. Russell is buried in Redlands, California where he died in 1972 from a stroke. Basil is also deceased. He passed away in 1970 and is buried in St. Paul, Minnesota. Earline, a widow, lives in Prior Lake, Minnesota. She raised a family of three daughters.

  Minnie Trumer and her sister, Louise Trumer, managed the Claridon Hotel in Gilt Edge in 1910. They both filed homesteads in 1912 and proved up on the land in 1916. The homesteads were in the Black Butte area, near the Geyer's homestead and their brother, Matt's.
  Minnie was born in Codinton County, near Bemis, South Dakota. She was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Trumer. Her mother died when she was very young. She had two brothers and three step-sisters.
  Minnie was a traveler. She traveled all over the continental United States, Hawaii and Cuba. She worked as a cook on a cook-car for the railroad, in restaurants, factories and at whatever was available to women at that time. She was also a beautician and worked at that trade for a time in Washington state.
  Minnie married Paul Smith, a railroad conductor, in Minneapolis when she was in her late forties or early fifties. They lived in Hastings, Minnesota for many years. After his death she moved to Watertown, South Dakota to be near a niece, Pearl Isaacson. She had no children of her own, but did have two stepchildren.
  Minnie is now a patient of Jenkins Nursing Home in Watertown. On January 6, 1989 her 100th birthday was celebrated at the home. She is mentally alert, but suffers from physical disabilities.
  I, Ethel Geyer, have over the years, made twenty-nine trips to visit her. My last trip was in October of 1988.

• This picture was taken around 1923, probably at the Stubbins School. In the back row the 1st gentleman on the left is Jacob Marion Myers. The 3rd person, with head in the shadows is Ella Tully. The 6th person, the gray haired gentleman is the Rev. Benjamen Washington Pierce, who taught at the Stubbins School. He officiated at the marriage of Charles M. and Nancy Russell. In the second row from the back, the 2nd person from the left is Mary Jane Myers (Mrs. Jacob). She is the lady with the large white collar. The Myers were the parents of Mrs. Claude (Mary Satterfield. The young boy in the front row with the stocking cap is Basil Tully.Pictured ab
• ove are five of her students at Christensen, from left to right: Linnabell Coats, 12 years old daughter of William and Debbie Coats; Ethel P. Chestnut, 12 year old daughter of Susie McKenner; Clarence and Lawrence Christensen sons of Chris and Emma Christensen and Carl Christensen (about 11 years old), son of Paul and Marie Christensen. Two other students who were also listed on the school roll that term were: Charley Christensen, son of Paul and Marie, and Lester A. Day, son of John McJannett and Evalyn E. Christensen. These two boys were about 19 years old.
• Ruth and Walter G. Braiser. Taken at their ranch home, Roy, Montana. August 10, 1963.
• The George Geyer homestead house, 1913. From left to right in the picture: Emery, Ida, Ethel and Florence.
• Washington Benjamin Pierce
• These youngsters lined up for school have been identified as being mostly from the Pierce family. From left to right: Max, Leona, ? Elgeva, Basil Tully and Jack.
• Claude J Satterfield 
• Mary Ellen Satterfield
• Pictured above are Mrs. Claude Satterfield, Ella and Russell Tully. The older couple on the right are unidentified. In the front are ? Jake Satterfield, Mary Alice Satterfield and Basil Tully.
• John and Carrie Stubbins
• When the grass and hay got short during the dry early 30's many people just turned their horses loose on the prairie to fend for themselves as Basil Tully is preparing to do here.
• Ella, Basil, Russell and Arline Tully. This is believed to be the last picture of Arline, taken before she so tragically died at the age of 5.
• The homestead of Minnie Trumer near Black Butte. From left to right in the picture: Minnie, Louise Trumer and Mary Tennis.